Reference

Every public function in the library, grouped by role.

Core

aes - Bind column names to visual channels to form an aesthetic mapping.
after-scale - Transform an aesthetic’s resolved value just before it reaches the geom’s draw step.
after-stat - Bind an aesthetic to a column produced by the layer’s stat, or to a per-row computation over the post-stat data.
as-factor - Coerce a column to string factors, or tag an aesthetic as discrete.
as-numeric - Coerce a column to numeric, or tag an aesthetic as continuous.
compose - Arrange multiple plots into a grid or stack with a shared, hoisted legend.
from-theme - Pull a value from the resolved theme at render time.
plot - Compose a layered plot from data, aesthetics, and geom layers.
stage - Compose all three late-binding lanes for a single aesthetic.
typst - Mark a value for Typst-markup evaluation.

Datasets

economics - US monthly economic time series (subset).
mpg - Fuel economy of 30 cars (small fuel-economy reference dataset).
penguins - Morphological measurements for 344 penguins (Palmer Archipelago).

Labs

labs - Build a label dictionary for the plot title, subtitle, caption, and axes.

Guides

draw-key-blank - Draw-key that draws nothing.
draw-key-line - Draw-key returning a short horizontal line.
draw-key-path - Draw-key returning a short polyline.
draw-key-point - Draw-key returning a small filled circle.
draw-key-rect - Draw-key returning a small filled rectangle.
guide-axis - Customise the x- or y-axis tick labels.
guide-axis-logticks - Add minor tick marks at log-scale subdivisions on a transform: "log10" axis.
guide-axis-stack - Stack multiple x or y guides on a single axis.
guide-axis-theta - Customise the theta (angular) axis under coord-radial.
guide-custom - Render arbitrary Typst content as a legend slot.
guide-legend - Customise the legend (swatch) for an aesthetic.
guide-none - Suppress the legend for an aesthetic.
guides - Bind guide specifications to aesthetics.

Geoms

geom-blank - Invisible layer used to extend trained scales without drawing marks.

Areas and ribbons

geom-area - Area layer: filled polygon from y = 0 up to y along x, per group.
geom-ribbon - Filled band between ymin and ymax along the x aesthetic.
geom-smooth - Fitted trend line with an optional confidence ribbon.

Bars and histograms

geom-bar - Bar layer that counts rows per x level (stat-count).
geom-col - Bar layer with heights taken from the y aesthetic.
geom-freqpoly - Frequency polygon: a line through per-bin counts of the x aesthetic.
geom-histogram - Histogram layer: bars of binned counts along the x aesthetic.

Contours

geom-contour - Contour-line layer: marching-squares iso-lines over a regular (x, y, z) grid. Pair with a continuous colour scale on _level to shade by height.
geom-contour-filled - Filled iso-band layer: marching-squares cell clipping over a regular (x, y, z) grid. Pair with a continuous fill scale on _level to shade each band by its lower bound.

Distributions

geom-boxplot - Boxplot layer: draws a Tukey box, whiskers, and outlier points per group.
geom-dotplot - Dotplot layer: one dot per observation, stacked within bins.
geom-qq - Q-Q point layer: sorted sample versus theoretical quantile.
geom-qq-line - Q-Q reference line layer fitted through the IQR of the sample.
geom-quantile - Quantile-regression layer: a fitted line per requested τ.
geom-rug - Marginal rug ticks at each row’s x and / or y position.

Intervals and errors

geom-crossbar - Crossbar layer: a box from ymin to ymax with a horizontal bar at y.
geom-errorbar - Errorbar layer: vertical range with a horizontal cap at each end.
geom-errorbarh - Horizontal errorbar layer: range with a vertical cap at each end.
geom-linerange - Linerange layer: one vertical line from ymin to ymax at each x.
geom-pointrange - Pointrange layer: a marker at (x, y) plus a linerange from ymin to ymax.

Lines and paths

geom-curve - Curved segment layer: one quadratic bezier from (x, y) to (xend, yend) per row.
geom-function - Polyline of fun(x) sampled uniformly across the x-range.
geom-line - Line layer connecting observations in x order, one path per group.
geom-path - Path layer connecting observations in row order, one path per group.
geom-segment - Segment layer: one line from (x, y) to (xend, yend) per row.
geom-spoke - Spoke layer: one segment from (x, y) along (angle, radius) per row.
geom-step - Step layer connecting observations as a stair-step path, one per group.

Points

geom-count - Count layer drawing one marker per unique (x, y), sized by frequency.
geom-jitter - Scatter layer with position-jitter applied by default.
geom-point - Scatterplot layer drawing a marker for each row at (x, y).

Polygons and shapes

geom-ellipse - Ellipse layer: draws one closed ellipse per row from (x0, y0, a, b, angle).
geom-mark - Annotation layer enclosing each group with a chosen shape.
geom-polygon - Polygon layer: one closed filled polygon per group.

Rectangles and bins

geom-bin-2d - Two-dimensional bin layer: counts (x, y) into a rectangular grid and draws one rectangle per non-empty cell. The fill aesthetic defaults to _count, so a continuous fill scale (scale-fill-viridis-c, etc.) shades the cells by frequency.
geom-hex - Hex bin layer: counts (x, y) into a pointy-top hex grid and draws one hexagon per non-empty cell. Default fill encodes count via the fill scale.
geom-rect - Rectangle layer drawing one filled box per row from the four corners.
geom-tile - Tile layer: filled rectangle centred at (x, y) per row.

Reference lines

geom-abline - Straight reference line described by slope and intercept.
geom-hline - Horizontal reference line at one or more y intercepts.
geom-vline - Vertical reference line at one or more x intercepts.

Text and annotations

annotate - Build a one-row annotation layer dispatching to a named geom.
geom-label - Boxed text label layer reading strings from the label aesthetic.
geom-text - Text label layer reading strings from the label aesthetic.
geom-typst - Text label layer whose label aesthetic is always evaluated as Typst markup.

Stats

Binning

stat-bin - Bin statistic: partition x into uniform-width bins, count rows per bin.
stat-bin-2d - Two-dimensional bin statistic: partition (x, y) into a rectangular grid and count rows per cell.
stat-bin-hex - Two-dimensional hexagonal bin statistic: partition (x, y) into a pointy-top hex grid and count rows per cell.
stat-bindot - Dot-density bin statistic: emit one stacked row per observation.

Distributions

stat-boxplot - Boxplot statistic: per-x five-number summary with outlier list.
stat-contour - Marching-squares contour statistic.
stat-contour-filled - Filled iso-band statistic. Partitions the (x, y, z) field into bands defined by successive levels and emits one closed polygon per cell that touches each band. Pair with geom-polygon or geom-contour-filled.
stat-ecdf - ECDF statistic: one row per unique x value with the cumulative fraction.
stat-ellipse - Covariance-ellipse statistic: one ellipse per group from the sample covariance of (x, y).
stat-qq - Q-Q statistic: theoretical-vs-sample pairs against a reference distribution.
stat-qq-line - Q-Q reference-line statistic: two endpoints of the IQR-fitted line.

Functions and helpers

stat-align - Align statistic: resample each group onto a shared x-grid.
stat-connect - Connection statistic: expand consecutive points with intermediate vertices.
stat-function - Sample fun at n points across xlim and emit (x, y) rows.
stat-identity - Identity statistic: returns data and mapping unchanged.
stat-manual - Manual statistic: run a closure on the data array inside the layer.

Smoothing and regression

stat-quantile - Quantile regression statistic: fit one line per τ and sample it.
stat-smooth - Smoother statistic: closed-form linear fit with a pointwise confidence band.

Summaries

stat-count - Count statistic: one output row per distinct x level with y = count.
stat-sum - Sum statistic: one output row per unique (x, y) pair with _n and _prop.
stat-summary - Per-axis reduction to a central value and an uncertainty band.
stat-summary-2d - Two-dimensional summary statistic.
stat-summary-bin - Summary statistic over uniform x bins.
stat-summary-hex - Hex-grid summary statistic.
stat-unique - Unique statistic: keep the first row per (x, y) key, drop later duplicates.

Helpers

get-alt-text - Read the alt text stored on a plot spec.
qnorm - Inverse of the standard-normal cumulative distribution function.
resolution - Smallest non-zero gap between unique numeric values in values.

Binning helpers

cut-interval - Cut a numeric vector into n equal-width bins.
cut-number - Cut a numeric vector into n bins of (approximately) equal count.
cut-width - Cut a numeric vector into bins of fixed width.

Formatters

format-comma - Shorthand for format-number(big-mark: ",").
format-currency - Format a numeric break as currency.
format-lower - Lower-case a string break (ASCII letters only).
format-number - Format a numeric break with optional thousands separator and decimals.
format-percent - Format a numeric break as a percentage.
format-scientific - Format a numeric break in scientific notation as Typst math.
format-title - Title-case a string break: capitalise the first letter of each space-separated word.
format-upper - Upper-case a string break (ASCII letters only).
format-wrap - Soft-wrap a long string by inserting a newline at word boundaries.

Summary functions

mean - Mean as a degenerate summary (y, ymin: y, ymax: y).
mean-cl-boot - Mean with a bootstrap percentile confidence interval.
mean-cl-normal - Mean with normal-approximation confidence interval.
mean-sd - Mean and standard-deviation band: mean ± multiplier * sd.
mean-se - Mean and standard-error band: mean ± multiplier * se.
median - Median as a degenerate summary (y, ymin: y, ymax: y).
median-hilow - Median plus a central interval covering conf proportion of the data.
quantile - Single quantile as a degenerate summary (y, ymin: y, ymax: y).
quantiles - Three quantiles packed into the standard summary shape.
summarise - Look up a summary helper by name, or invoke a user-supplied callable.

Scales

col-mix - Blend two colours.
expand-limits - Ensure the trained domain includes the supplied values without replacing it.

Alpha scales

scale-alpha-binned - Binned continuous alpha scale.
scale-alpha-continuous - Continuous alpha (opacity) scale mapping a numeric column to opacities.
scale-alpha-identity - Alpha scale that uses each row’s value as the opacity directly.
scale-alpha-manual - Manual discrete alpha scale: supply a per-level array of opacities.

Colour and fill: binned

scale-colour-fermenter - Binned ColorBrewer colour scale.
scale-colour-steps - Binned two-stop colour gradient.
scale-colour-steps2 - Binned diverging colour gradient through a midpoint.
scale-colour-stepsn - Binned n-stop colour gradient.
scale-colour-viridis-b - Binned viridis colour scale.
scale-fill-fermenter - Binned ColorBrewer fill scale.
scale-fill-steps - Binned two-stop fill gradient.
scale-fill-steps2 - Binned diverging fill gradient through a midpoint.
scale-fill-stepsn - Binned n-stop fill gradient.
scale-fill-viridis-b - Binned viridis fill scale.

Colour and fill: continuous

scale-colour-continuous - Continuous colour scale mapping a numeric column to stroke colours.
scale-colour-distiller - Continuous ColorBrewer colour scale.
scale-colour-gradient - Continuous two-stop colour gradient.
scale-colour-gradient2 - Continuous diverging colour gradient through a midpoint.
scale-colour-gradientn - Continuous n-stop colour gradient.
scale-colour-viridis-c - Continuous viridis colour scale.
scale-fill-continuous - Continuous fill scale mapping a numeric column to fill colours.
scale-fill-distiller - Continuous ColorBrewer fill scale.
scale-fill-gradient - Continuous two-stop fill gradient.
scale-fill-gradient2 - Continuous diverging fill gradient through a midpoint.
scale-fill-gradientn - Continuous n-stop fill gradient.
scale-fill-viridis-c - Continuous viridis fill scale.

Colour and fill: discrete

scale-colour-brewer - Discrete ColorBrewer colour scale.
scale-colour-discrete - Discrete colour scale mapping categorical levels to stroke colours.
scale-colour-grey - Discrete grey colour scale.
scale-colour-hue - Discrete equally-spaced hue colour scale.
scale-colour-okabe-ito - Discrete Okabe-Ito colour-vision-deficiency-safe colour scale.
scale-colour-viridis-d - Discrete viridis colour scale.
scale-fill-brewer - Discrete ColorBrewer fill scale.
scale-fill-discrete - Discrete fill scale mapping categorical levels to fill colours.
scale-fill-grey - Discrete grey fill scale.
scale-fill-hue - Discrete equally-spaced hue fill scale.
scale-fill-okabe-ito - Discrete Okabe-Ito colour-vision-deficiency-safe fill scale.
scale-fill-viridis-d - Discrete viridis fill scale.

Colour and fill: manual and identity

scale-colour-identity - Colour scale that uses each row’s value as the stroke colour directly.
scale-colour-manual - Manual discrete colour scale: supply the colour array directly.
scale-fill-identity - Fill scale that uses each row’s value as the fill colour directly.
scale-fill-manual - Manual discrete fill scale: supply the colour array directly.

Linetype scales

scale-linetype - Discrete linetype scale: maps levels to dash-pattern keywords.
scale-linetype-binned - Binned linetype scale: cuts a continuous variable into n-breaks bins, each bin gets one dash keyword from palette.
scale-linetype-continuous - Continuous linetype scale: alias of scale-linetype-binned with the default bin count. Provided as an explicit-name alias.
scale-linetype-discrete - Discrete linetype scale: alias of scale-linetype.
scale-linetype-identity - Linetype scale that uses each row’s value as the dash keyword directly.
scale-linetype-manual - Manual discrete linetype scale: supply the dash-keyword array directly.

Linewidth scales

scale-linewidth-binned - Binned continuous linewidth scale.
scale-linewidth-continuous - Continuous linewidth scale mapping a numeric column to stroke thickness.
scale-linewidth-identity - Linewidth scale that uses each row’s value as the stroke thickness.
scale-linewidth-manual - Manual discrete linewidth scale: supply a per-level array of Typst lengths.

Palettes

brewer-palette - Look up a ColorBrewer palette by name.
okabe-ito - Okabe-Ito colour-vision-deficiency-safe qualitative palette.

Position scales

scale-x-binned - Binned continuous x scale: quantises a numeric axis into n-breaks bins.
scale-x-continuous - Continuous x scale: axis title, limits, breaks, labels, and transformation.
scale-x-date - Continuous x scale that formats axis labels as dates.
scale-x-datetime - Continuous x scale that formats axis labels as datetimes.
scale-x-discrete - Discrete x scale: axis title, level ordering, and tick labels.
scale-x-log10 - Continuous x scale on a base-10 log axis.
scale-x-reverse - Continuous x scale flipped left-to-right.
scale-x-sqrt - Continuous x scale on a square-root axis.
scale-x-time - Continuous x scale that formats axis labels as times of day.
scale-y-binned - Binned continuous y scale: quantises a numeric axis into n-breaks bins.
scale-y-continuous - Continuous y scale: axis title, limits, breaks, labels, and transformation.
scale-y-date - Continuous y scale that formats axis labels as dates.
scale-y-datetime - Continuous y scale that formats axis labels as datetimes.
scale-y-discrete - Discrete y scale: axis title, level ordering, and tick labels.
scale-y-log10 - Continuous y scale on a base-10 log axis.
scale-y-reverse - Continuous y scale flipped bottom-to-top.
scale-y-sqrt - Continuous y scale on a square-root axis.
scale-y-time - Continuous y scale that formats axis labels as times of day.

Secondary axes

dup-axis - Duplicate the primary axis on the opposite side of the panel.
sec-axis - Secondary axis derived from the primary through a transformation.

Shape scales

scale-shape - Discrete shape scale: maps levels to marker-shape keywords.
scale-shape-binned - Binned shape scale: cuts a continuous variable into n-breaks bins, each bin gets one shape from palette.
scale-shape-identity - Shape scale that uses each row’s value as the marker keyword directly.
scale-shape-manual - Manual discrete shape scale: supply the shape-keyword array directly.

Size scales

scale-radius - Linear-radius continuous size scale.
scale-size-area - Area-proportional continuous size scale.
scale-size-binned - Binned continuous size scale mapping a numeric column to n-breaks sizes.
scale-size-binned-area - Binned area-proportional size scale.
scale-size-continuous - Continuous size scale mapping a numeric column to a size range.
scale-size-identity - Size scale that uses each row’s value as the marker or line size.
scale-size-manual - Manual discrete size scale: supply a per-level array of Typst lengths.

Stroke scales

scale-stroke-binned - Binned continuous stroke scale.
scale-stroke-continuous - Continuous stroke scale mapping a numeric column to outline thickness.
scale-stroke-identity - Stroke scale that uses each row’s value as the outline thickness.
scale-stroke-manual - Manual discrete stroke scale: supply a per-level array of Typst lengths.

Coord

coord-cartesian - Cartesian coordinate system with optional panel clipping.
coord-fixed - Cartesian coordinate system with a fixed data-unit aspect ratio.
coord-flip - Cartesian coordinate system with the x and y axes swapped at render time.
coord-radial - Radial coordinate system.
coord-transform - Transform the displayed coordinates after statistics have run.

Positions

position-dodge - Dodge position adjustment: place grouped marks side by side.
position-fill - Fill position adjustment: stack and normalise each x bucket to sum = 1.
position-identity - Identity position adjustment: no offset applied to any row.
position-jitter - Random per-row offset on x and y.
position-jitterdodge - Combined dodge then jitter position adjustment.
position-nudge - Shift every row’s x and y by a fixed amount in data units.
position-stack - Stack position adjustment: cumulate y per x bucket.

Themes

Complete themes

theme-bw - Black-and-white theme: white panel, black axes, light grey grid.
theme-classic - Classic theme: white panel, axis borders, no gridlines.
theme-dark - Dark theme: dark grey panel, white grid, dark axis text.
theme-grey - Grey theme: light grey panel with white gridlines.
theme-light - Light theme: light grey panel, white grid, soft grey axes.
theme-linedraw - Linedraw theme: white panel, strong black axes, very faint grid.
theme-minimal - Minimal theme: white panel, light grey gridlines, no axis lines.
theme-void - Void theme: no axes, no grid, no panel background.

Modify a theme

theme - Build a custom theme from per-element overrides.
theme-get - Get the current global default theme.
theme-set - Set the global default theme for all subsequent plots.

Sub-theme accessors

theme-sub-axis - Shortcut for both axes’ title, text, line, and ticks.
theme-sub-axis-bottom - Shortcut for the bottom x axis only.
theme-sub-axis-left - Shortcut for the left y axis only.
theme-sub-axis-right - Shortcut for the right y axis only.
theme-sub-axis-top - Shortcut for the top x axis only.
theme-sub-axis-x - Shortcut for both x axes (top + bottom).
theme-sub-axis-y - Shortcut for both y axes (left + right).
theme-sub-legend - Shortcut for legend text and title.
theme-sub-panel - Shortcut for panel grid and background.
theme-sub-plot - Shortcut for plot title, subtitle, caption, and outer margin.
theme-sub-strip - Shortcut for facet strip text and background.

Theme elements

element-blank - Blank element: hides the corresponding theme element.
element-geom - Layer-default aesthetics shared across geoms.
element-line - Line element: colour and thickness.
element-rect - Rectangle element: fill and stroke.
element-text - Text element: font size, weight, colour, and angle.
element-typst - Typst-markup text element: same fields as element-text plus automatic Typst-markup evaluation for plain strings reaching this surface.
margin - Plot-margin specification: padding on each side of the plot canvas.