penguins

Morphological measurements for 344 penguins (Palmer Archipelago).

Each row is one penguin observation. Columns:

• species (string: "Adelie", "Chinstrap", "Gentoo").
• island (string: "Torgersen", "Biscoe", "Dream").
• "bill-len" (culmen length, mm; float, may be none).
• "bill-dep" (culmen depth, mm; float, may be none).
• "flipper-len" (flipper length, mm; int, may be none).
• "body-mass" (body mass, g; int, may be none).
• sex (string: "male", "female"; may be none).
• year (int: 2007, 2008, or 2009).

The bundled literal is stored in column-store form; plot accepts either column-store or row-store input and normalises internally.

Source: bundled from the R datasets package; see help("penguins") in R. Compiled for R by Kaye E, Turner H, Gorman KB, Horst AM, Presmanes Hill A (2025), doi:10.5281/zenodo.14902740.

Original data: Palmer Station Antarctica LTER, Gorman KB (2020):

• Adelie: doi:10.6073/pasta/98b16d7d563f265cb52372c8ca99e60f.
• Gentoo: doi:10.6073/pasta/7fca67fb28d56ee2ffa3d9370ebda689.
• Chinstrap: doi:10.6073/pasta/c14dfcfada8ea13a17536e73eb6fbe9e.

References:

• Gorman KB, Williams TD, Fraser WR (2014). Ecological Sexual Dimorphism and Environmental Variability within a Community of Antarctic Penguins (Genus Pygoscelis). PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90081, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090081.
• Horst AM, Presmanes Hill A, Gorman KB (2022). Palmer Archipelago Penguins Data in the palmerpenguins R Package: An Alternative to Anderson’s Irises. The R Journal, 14(1), 244-254, doi:10.32614/RJ-2022-020.

Usage

penguins

Examples

Preview the first five entries (out of 344).

#let cols = penguins.pairs()
#let cell(v) = if v == none { text(fill: gray, [_none_]) } else { [#v] }
#table(
  columns: cols.len(),
  align: center + horizon,
  inset: 5pt,
  stroke: 0.5pt,
  ..cols.map(p => strong(raw(p.at(0)))),
  ..range(5).map(i => cols.map(p => cell(p.at(1).at(i)))).flatten(),
)

Flipper length vs body mass, coloured, filled, and shaped by species.

#plot(
  data: penguins,
  mapping: aes(
    x: "flipper-len",
    y: "body-mass",
    colour: "species",
    fill: "species",
    shape: "species",
  ),
  layers: (
    geom-point(size: 2pt, stroke: 0.5pt, alpha: 0.5),
    geom-smooth(method: "lm", se: true, alpha: 0.2),
  ),
  scales: (
    scale-x-continuous(),
    scale-y-continuous(),
    scale-colour-discrete(
      palette: (rgb("#ff8c00"), rgb("#800080"), rgb("#008B8B")),
    ),
    scale-fill-discrete(
      palette: (rgb("#ff8c00"), rgb("#800080"), rgb("#008B8B")),
    ),
  ),
  labs: labs(
    title: "Penguins Dataset",
    subtitle: "Flipper length vs body mass by species",
    caption: "Palmer Archipelago (Antarctica) penguin dataset",
    colour: "Species",
    fill: "Species",
    shape: "Species",
    x: "Flipper Length (mm)",
    y: "Body Mass (g)",
  ),
  theme: theme-minimal(),
  width: 11cm,
  height: 7cm,
)